Our guest is Dr. Gareth (Gary) Trubl, a microbiologist and research staff scientist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the Biosciences and Biotechnology Division. Gary has characterized viruses in Arctic permafrost and subzero soils, and uses multiple approaches in metagenomics to better understand the mechanisms viruses use to control microbial physiology and quantify nutrient exchanges in soils. Are viruses alive? What can they tell us about the search for life in the Universe?