Update to the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV   

The Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV have been updated.  

Candidiasis 

• Added information on the role of ibrexafungerp in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and the approval of ibrexafungerp by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).  

• Added information on the role of oteseconazole for the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and the approval of oteseconazole by the FDA. 

Pneumocystis Pneumonia 

• Simplified indications for starting primary prophylaxis.  

• Added intermittent intravenous pentamidine as an alternative regimen for primary or secondary prophylaxis.  

• Provided more detailed recommendations for management during pregnancy. 

Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis 

• Recommended primarily limiting baseline serologic screening and measures to prevent exposure to individuals with CD4 T lymphocyte cell counts <200 cells/mm3.  

• Added trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as a preferred regimen for acute infection. 

• Provided more detailed recommendations for management during pregnancy. 

These guidelines are published in an electronic format and updated as changes in prevention and treatment science occurs. All updates are developed by the subject matter groups listed in Appendix B. Guideline updates are reviewed by scientific content experts. 

For a list of recent updates, please see What's New in the Guidelines. To view or download the guidelines, go to the Adult and Adolescent Opportunistic Infections Guidelines section of Clinicalinfo’s website. The guidelines tables and recommendations also can be downloaded as separate PDF files.  

Clinicalinfo welcomes your feedback on the latest revisions to the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Please send your comments with the subject line “Adult and Adolescent Opportunistic Infection Guidelines” to HIVinfo@NIH.gov by September 30, 2024.