Plus, the role of sanctions in foreign policy, and the return of total war.
What’s next on the war in Ukraine? “Although the Ukraine war seems largely stuck in place at the moment, there is a good chance that will change—and perhaps even change dramatically—in 2025 or even later this year. The war has been and remains the greatest threat to European security since 1945. Any American president, as well as the new Congress, will need to stay focused on this crucial issue,” argue Michael E. O’Hanlon, Alejandra Rocha, Sophie Roehse, and Mallika Yadwad. In a new commentary, the authors outline key battlefield realities in Ukraine, economic trends, political developments, and policy recommendations for the path forward in the brutal war. | A closer look at the data Since February 2022, Ukraine has received over $235 billion in assistance from over 40 countries and EU institutions, encompassing financial, humanitarian, and military support. | More on war and foreign policy The role of sanctions. What does it mean for sanctions to work? On a new episode of the Brookings Podcast on Economic Activity, Benjamin H. Harris, Oleg Itskhoki, and Elina Ribakova discuss the economic response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and what needs to happen to make sanctions more effective. The return of total war. The conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East show that the relatively narrow scope that defined war during the post-9/11 era has dramatically widened and an era of comprehensive conflict has begun. The United States needs to show that it is prepared for a different kind of war—drawing on the lessons of today’s big wars to prevent an even bigger one tomorrow, writes Mara Karlin in Foreign Affairs. | About Brookings The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. Our mission is to conduct in-depth, nonpartisan research to improve policy and governance at local, national, and global levels. If you were forwarded this email, sign up for the Brookings Brief to stay updated on our latest work. | The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. | |